What Is Research and Development?

Research and development (R&D) is the systematic engineering and scientific work a company undertakes to resolve a genuine technological uncertainty and achieve an advance in science or technology, not simply building a new feature, integrating a third-party tool, or shipping routine product updates.
At Code & Pepper, our engineers have delivered 500+ FinTech and HealthTech software projects, many involving the exact kind of novel technical work that meets the formal definition of R&D.
This guide explains what research and development actually means, the three recognized types of R&D activity, why it matters strategically for growth-stage startups, and which engineering costs typically qualify for R&D tax relief.
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